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| -rw-r--r-- | doc/references.bib | 5 | ||||
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| -rw-r--r-- | doc/report/r31.jpeg | bin | 0 -> 1960690 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/report/report.tex | 29 |
4 files changed, 28 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/doc/references.bib b/doc/references.bib index 58d75f8..a97851a 100644 --- a/doc/references.bib +++ b/doc/references.bib @@ -143,3 +143,8 @@ organization = {Life Racing}, url = {https://www.liferacing.com/products/displays/}, }, +@online{r31, + title = {1987 Nissan Skyline `Type HR31' GTS-R NISMO Group A}, + organization = {Bonhams Cars}, + url = {https://cars.bonhams.com/auction/30558/lot/156/1987-nissan-skyline-type-hr31-gts-r-nismo-group-a-chassis-no-hr31-128388/#photos}, +}, diff --git a/doc/report/boeing.jpeg b/doc/report/boeing.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c895bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/report/boeing.jpeg diff --git a/doc/report/r31.jpeg b/doc/report/r31.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ed5339 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/report/r31.jpeg diff --git a/doc/report/report.tex b/doc/report/report.tex index 5d561b4..9f39866 100644 --- a/doc/report/report.tex +++ b/doc/report/report.tex @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ \documentclass[lettersize,conference]{IEEEtran} \usepackage{biblatex} \usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{graphicx} \addbibresource{../references.bib} @@ -38,22 +39,38 @@ Combustion engines, such as those used to power passenger cars, require precise Since the early 1970s, car engines have been electronically controlled by an EMS (engine management system) \cite{JapanSemi}. An EMS is an embedded system consisting of an ECU (electronic control unit), sensors, and actuators. The actuators include fuel injectors and spark plugs. -The sensors measure things such as crankshaft angle, intake manifold pressure, coolant temperature, and so on. +The sensors measure crankshaft angle, intake manifold pressure, coolant temperature, and so on. The ECU features a microcontroller that uses feedback from these sensor data to operate the actuators, thus allowing the engine to run. Sensor data are sent not only to the ECU, but also to a display system mounted in the cabin so that the driver may monitor the engine's health. -The display system is typically a set of gauges showing, for instance, engine speed, oil pressure, oil pressure, and coolant temperature, among other things. +The display system is typically a set of gauges showing, for instance, engine speed, oil pressure, oil and coolant temperature, among other things. -The sensor data are transported about the car via a network; CAN (controller area network) \cite{can20b} is ubiquitous. +The sensor data are transported about the car via a computer network; CAN (controller area network) \cite{can20b} is ubiquitous. Introduced by Bosch in the early 1990s and standardized by ISO 11898 \cite{CanHistory}, all cars sold in the United States are required to be equiped with a CAN bus \cite{CFR40.86.1806-05}. The display system in the cabin must convey sensor data to the driver. Each datum represents the instantaneous value of a continuous quantity---speed, temperature, pressure, etc. These data are visually encoded by the display system and shown to the driver. -Each datum is most effectively encoded as a graduated radial analog scale with the instantaneous value marked on said scale \cite{Panchal2025}. -The graduated scale takes advantage of vernier acuity: our ability to discern slight misalignment between line segments \cite{Strasburger2018}, while the radial marker leverages the hypercolumnar acuity of vision: our ability to detect minute changes in angle of a line segment \cite{Hubel1962}. +The data are most effectively represented by graduated radial analog scales with the instantaneous value marked on said scale \cite{Panchal2025}. +The graduated scale takes advantage of vernier acuity: our ability to discern slight misalignment between line segments \cite{Strasburger2018}, while the radial marker leverages the hypercolumnar acuity of vision: our ability to detect minute changes in angle of line segments \cite{Hubel1962}. Put simply, an analog needle gauge is the best way to display information to the driver. -It is the reason why even modern digital display systems are often just skeuomorphs of analog gauges \cite{LifeRacingDisplays}. +It is the reason why even modern digital display systems are often skeuomorphs of analog gauges \cite{LifeRacingDisplays}, as seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:Boeing}. + +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{boeing} + \caption{Boeing 737 digital instrument panel. + \emph{Although fitted to an aeroplane as opposed to a car, this display serves as an example of quality design. + Automotive engineering is the poor man's aeronautics---much can be gleaned from the higher arts.}} + \label{fig:Boeing} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{r31} + \caption{Analog gauges fitted to 1987 Nissan Skyline GTS-R Group A \cite{r31}.} + \label{fig:R31} +\end{figure} |
